A good experimental design serves three purposes, what are those three purposes? Identify a research project that utilizes a quantitative method design. Explain how you would determine the validity and reliability to both the design and the methods of your research.

Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment.

Communicable Disease Selection

1. Chickenpox
2. Tuberculosis
3. Influenza
4. Mononucleosis
5. Hepatitis B
6. HIV
7. Ebola
8. Measles
9. Polio
10. Influenza

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

1. Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.
2. Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.
3. Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?
4. Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.
5. Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.
6. Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.

A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 Define the Stages of Dying Model as outlined by Kubler-Ross and explain it in detail. How might this theory differ or be the same amongst cultures as outlined in the reading? Provide detailed examples.

NOTE: You must make at least 1 substantial posting and 2 substantial replies to this thread. You must participate in the Unit 1 discussion board (making postings/replies) at least 3 days per unit to qualify for full credit for this unit’s discussion boards. To earn a grade in the excellent or good category, you must have at least 1 posting by Wed. at 11:59pm EST. You also must use APA style in your posting and replies so please use in-text references and provide a reference to give proper credit to the authors. Please know that the MSHSV program requires the use of scholarly and empirical sources at all times unless otherwise stated as much in this assignment.

Response #1

When someone loses someone they are going through so many emotions and making so many decisions. Everyone griefs differently and people will always have something to say about how they think a person should handle a situation. In the video the women talks about different situations where someone has lost a loved one and people on the outside believe that they should move on or that the way they are handling the situation is not healthy (Tedx, 2017). As a human service professional we should know that there are going to be people in a grieving person’s life who has a say and we need to be their advocate. Listening to their feelings and keeping them on a healthy course is the priority.

Reference:

Tedx (2017) When Someone You Love Dies,There Is No Such Thing as Moving On | Kelley Lynn | TEDxAdelphiUniversity. Retrieved from:When Someone You Love Dies,There Is No Such Thing as Moving On | Kelley Lynn | TEDxAdelphiUniversity

Response Post #2

Great post this week! This writer would like to agree with your statement that every culture has a different reaction to death. This writer believes that every culture responses differently to death because of the many different traditions, beliefs, and religions that guide cultural followers to their ideology of death and the process of a deceased loved one. According to the Institute of Medicine (1984) every culture has rituals to mark the death of individuals and to assist surviving loved ones with their loss. With this being said the Institute of Medicine (1984) states that ethnic groups such as African burials differ greatly from Japenese burials in terms of grievance, funeral services, and traditional burial sites. With the many different cultures and the many different bereavement traditions, it may seem difficult for a professional to keep up with or even have the knowledge to recognize the differences. Although, the Institute of Medicine (1984) states that mental health professionals should use great caution in interperting the bereavement experiences in all clients. This caution should be taken because of the possibility that the norms for these groups may differ from one’s own or from those in a mainstream culture (Institute of Medicine, 1984). For example, this writer is used to quiet and sad funerals overall, whereas the African tradition is more of an upbeat process where it is encouraged to be loud and be heard as well as allowing loud music during the processes (Insititute of Medicine, 1984). Therefore, mental health professionals should make an effort to be aware of and accomodating  to alternative cultural practices for handling the process of death and to reduce the potential for cross-cultural miscommunication (Institute of Medicine, 1984). This writer believes that using caution and trying to be a more aware professional in the field will allow her to recognize when cultural differences will be presented during sessions.

References

Institute of Medicine. (1984). Sociocultural influences. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK217844/

As nurses, we have a unique perspective on healthcare. We are either the provider taking care of the patients in our facility, or we are on the other end of that spectrum as the patient. Having this knowledge allows us to provide valid information and data in regards to healthcare policy. Nurses should be involved in some fashion when it comes to policy and take an active role to advocate for the patients we care for. “The very foundation of professional nursing is rooted in the fundamental concern for the social, emotional, and physical needs of the poor and disadvantaged in society” (Williams, et. al., 2018, para. 2).

There are several ways in which we can be more active in policy review. One way is to become more involved in local politics whether at the level of local government by becoming a member of city council or certain committees or taking on a leadership role in the facility in which we are employed (Brokaw, 2016).

Another way to get involved at the state and federal level is to join a professional nursing organization. “These organizations often have lobbyists that bring nursing issues to Capitol Hill” (Brokaw, 2016, para. 6). If this is a bit overreaching given the level of involvement and other obligations, simply contacting  state representatives and voicing opinions on policies and providing evidence for or against the policy can at least bring attention to the issue at hand (Brokaw, 2016).

There are many barriers to nurses’ involvement in policy review and politics in general. One very large barrier is lack of knowledge regarding the policy-making and review process. During my undergraduate degree, I did not have any classes that focused on policy. My community health class did not even touch on the subject. If more education were provided, perhaps the nursing voice might become a bit louder and real change might take place (Turale and Kunaviktikul, 2019).

Another possible barrier to nurses in the world of policy and politics is the lack of support and time. With the current shortage of healthcare staff along with the stress levels and dissatisfaction in day-to-day nursing, we are lucky to make it through a 12-hour shift let alone find the time to get involved in activities outside of our main position (Turale and Kunaviktikul, 2019). Again, this comes down to education on the impact nurses and APRNs have on deciding what policies are crucial and need immediate attention, how to tailor these policies to fit the needs of all parties involved, and how to implement these policies.

Systems Development Life Cycle provides a standard project management framework to improve the quality of information systems. SDLC consists of these phases, “planning/analysis, design, implementation, and testing phase’’ (Glancey et al., 1990). Nurses play an important role in the utilization of health information technology systems in healthcare. Not involving nurses in each stage of SDLC when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system can result in them losing trust in the organization and cause them to feel as if they are not important to the development of the organization. The planning/analysis stage begins with a simple process to determine what is needed for the system. Issues that may arise include not knowing the most important issues to address. Having nurses at this stage of the SDLC is helpful because their input guarantees that the right issues are addressed with this new system.

During the design phase,” developers and technical architects start the high level of design of the software and system to be able to deliver each requirement’’ (Ghahrai, 2018). Issues that can arise at this stage will be putting together a model that is not effective for the institution. Due to the fact that nurses work with EMRs majority of the time, including them in this stage will ensure that whatever model is created will be useful for the facility. The final stage will be implementation and testing. During this phase, the new system will be introduced into the clinical system. Issues that arise at this stage is properly assembling and educating the staff on the new system. Nurses can help address these issues because they can be included with the team of people to educate the staff. If they have been involved throughout the SDLC process, it will be easy to utilize their knowledge. “They would already have experience with it in a hands on environment before the new product and committing to it on a full time basis’’ (McMurtrey, 2013). I did not have any input in the selection and planning of new health information technology systems at my healthcare organization.  Being included in this process would have allowed me to advise the leadership on which designs to utilize due to the fact that I had used the system at my previous institution. Incorporation nurses in these processes allows for smoother transitions with the introduction of new software into institutions.